The Science of Healing: How to Treat a Diabetic Wound

Life with diabetes comes with its own set of challenges, and one of the biggest concerns is the increased risk of developing wounds that heal slowly. Diabetic wounds, if left untreated, can lead to severe complications and even amputation. However, with the right knowledge, care, and medical interventions, diabetic wounds can be effectively treated. Northern Ankle Foot Associates are here to help, from diagnosis to treatment of diabetic wounds, our doctors are Certified Wound Care Physician Specialists, and will be taken care of every step of the way! By getting our professional help, you can embark on a path toward comprehensive recovery and improved well-being.

Causes Of Diabetic Wounds

Diabetic wounds typically arise from a combination of factors related to diabetes and its effects on the body. Some causes of diabetic wounds include:

Elevated Blood Sugar Levels

Increased blood sugar levels, one of the primary indicators of diabetes, can have debilitating effects on the body’s immune system, leading to decreased resistance to infections. Furthermore, these elevated levels can cause the loss of moisture and hydration in the feet, which can lead to dryness, cracks, and other wounds.

Neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy, also known as nerve damage, results from high blood sugar levels that can damage the sheath surrounding the nerves. Consequently, the nerves can no longer conduct the electric impulse, leading to decreased sensation in the feet, making it extremely hard to recognize pain or other sensations associated with injuries. This, in turn, can lead to small wounds or ulcers that, if left untreated, can quickly escalate into larger, deeper and more severe infections or even gangrene.

Poor Circulation

Diabetic wounds frequently result from inadequate foot blood flow. High blood sugar levels cause blood vessels and arteries to constrict, reducing blood flow to important body areas like the feet. This results in prolonged wound care and an increased risk of infection.

Poorly Fitted Footwear

Wearing inappropriate footwear or improperly fitting shoes can result in wounds on the feet from friction, pressure, or trauma. Shoes with excessively abrasive seams or edges or that are overly restrictive may also cause ulcers.

How Diabetes Wounds Differ From Other Types Of Wounds

Diabetic wounds exhibit distinct characteristics that set them apart from regular wounds. These include:

Slow Healing

Diabetic wounds take longer to heal than non-diabetic wounds do. Bad blood flow, nerve damage, and a weakened immune system are just a few of the problems that can slow healing. High blood glucose levels are common in diabetic individuals and have been shown to damage blood vessels, preventing the wound site from receiving enough oxygen and nutrients to heal.

Increased Risk Of Infection

Wounds that don’t heal properly greatly increase the likelihood that a diabetic patient will be susceptible to developing an infection. The pathophysiology of diabetes hampers the natural defense mechanisms against infections, making diabetic wounds more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections than others. If not adequately treated, these infections can spread rapidly and lead to severe health complications.

Recurrence

Recurrence is also a common problem associated with diabetic wounds. Even after initial treatment, diabetic wounds tend to recur, leading to prolonged treatment, more complications, and higher healthcare costs. Recurrence can be due to various reasons, such as poor wound care, inadequate management of underlying diabetes, and inadequate off loading of pressure points on the feet.

Formation Of Necrosis

Diabetic wounds may cause necrosis near the wound site. Necrosis is the death of the body’s tissue, and it can occur due to insufficient blood flow to the area surrounding the wound. Necrosis can lead to further complications if not treated promptly.

Advanced Wound Dressings

Advanced wound dressings play a significant role in the treatment of diabetic wounds. These dressings go beyond traditional gauze and provide a specialized environment that promotes healing, protects the wound, and facilitates optimal wound management. Here are some commonly used types of advanced wound dressings for diabetic wounds:

Foams

Foam dressings are absorbent and provide cushioning and protection for the wound. They can manage moderate to heavy exudate while maintaining a moist wound environment. Foams are designed to reduce the risk of maceration (overhydration of the surrounding skin) and can be used for partial or full-thickness wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers.

Alginates

Alginate dressings are derived from seaweed and are highly absorbent. They form a gel-like substance when in contact with wound exudate, creating a moist environment that promotes healing. Alginates are particularly suitable for heavily exuding wounds and can help manage excessive drainage in diabetic wounds.

Hydrocolloids

Hydrocolloid dressings are occlusive and create a moist environment by interacting with wound exudate. They provide a barrier that prevents germs and other pollutants from entering the body from the outside. Hydrocolloids are effective for shallow or moderately deep wounds and can support autolytic debridement.

Antimicrobial Dressings

Antimicrobial dressings contain agents such as silver, iodine, or other antimicrobial substances that help prevent or control infection in the wound. These dressings are particularly valuable when there is a risk of infection in diabetic wounds.

How To Heal Diabetic Wounds With Topical Medications

Topical medications, such as topical antibiotics and antifungal creams, are commonly used to treat diabetic wounds. These medications can help reduce inflammation, decrease infection, and promote healing. Some common medications for diabetic foot wounds include:

Antibiotic Ointments

Antibiotic ointments contain various types of antibiotics that can fight off bacteria and lower the risk of infection. In addition to preventing infections, these ointments also promote healing by reducing inflammation and speeding up tissue repair. However, more or extended use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.

Antiseptic Solutions

Another type of topical medication that is commonly used for diabetic foot wounds is antiseptic solutions. These solutions contain agents that can kill viruses and bacteria that are usually present in the wound. Antiseptic solutions work by disrupting the cell walls or membranes of these microorganisms, effectively killing them off and reducing the risk of infections. While antiseptic solutions can be helpful, it should be noted that they can be toxic to healthy cells and should be used with caution.

Hydrogels

Hydrogels consist of a water-based gel that can be applied to the foot’s diabetic wound to promote healing and reduce inflammation. The gel can also provide a moist environment that can help with tissue regeneration. Additionally, hydrogels can be formulated to release certain agents, such as antibiotics or growth factors, that can further promote healing. It is important to note that hydrogels can be costly and, therefore, may not be a feasible option for everyone.

Is Surgical Treatment Necessary To Heal Diabetic Wounds?

In some cases, surgical treatment may be required to treat diabetic wounds. Surgical treatment can range from debridement (removal of dead tissue) to major surgeries in order to cover the wound and promote healing. Surgery is usually reserved for deep or large wounds that are not responding to topical treatments. It’s very important to talk to your doctor about the risks involved with surgery before going through with it. Following surgery on a diabetic wound, some precautions include:

  • Avoiding activities that may further irritate the wound
  • Keeping the wound clean and dry
  • Covering the wound with a bandage or dressing
  • Elevating the affected area to reduce swelling and promote healing
  • Examination for the presence of redness, swelling, or pus

Seize Control Of Healing Diabetic Wounds!

With the complexity and fragility of diabetes, foot wounds can be challenging to heal. Fortunately, medical science offers advanced treatments, such as topical medications and surgical procedures, to address wounds in diabetic individuals. Additionally, proper wound dressing combined with attentive care helps promote quicker healing. When it comes to taking control of diabetic wound healing, choosing the right clinic is essential. Northern Ankle Foot Associates offers a variety of features, including on-site dressings, highly trained specialists, and complex procedures- the perfect combination for promoting sudden healing in wounds caused by diabetes. Book your appointment today and start your healing journey!